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Siamo un centro di Innovazione Sperimentale qualificato e competente che affronta ogni progetto andando a fondo, spiegandone ogni aspetto da un punto di vista fisico, meccanico, quantistico, chimico, elettronico…
Alle prime armi, il nostro modus operandi era votato al Try and Error. Questo ci ha permesso di comprendere a pieno ogni singolo aspetto pratico della materia. Ora il nostro approccio è STUDY and PROJECT, TRY and REFINE. Siamo fortemente ancorati alla pratica ma grazie al know how e agli strumenti affinati negli anni, gli errori che riscontriamo nella realizzazione dei dispositivi sono risolvibili con semplici affinamenti tecnico-pratici.
Per gli appassionati, qui di seguito abbiamo riportato alcuni principi di induzione elettromagnetica.
COMPONENTISTICA BASE
- SCHEDA ELETTRONICA: Oscillatore ad alta frequenza (20-30kHz) con sezione di potenza e sezione di controllo
- INDUTTORE (Emettitore di campo EM): Avvolgimento di filo elettroconduttore (rame – filo Litz – o alluminio – filo Litz di tipo CCAW) a spirale planare o cilindrica solenoidale, tipicamente disaccoppiato dall’indotto
- INDOTTO: Massa di metallo sviluppata in tutte le sue specifiche caratteristiche per avere alta superficie di contatto e minima massa, assorbe il campo EM e lo degrada in calore. Attualmente gli indotti di uso comune sono metalli ferromagnetici (ferro, nichel e cobalto e leghe di questi metalli).
IL FENOMENO FISICO ALLA BASE
La fisica che si nasconde dietro il fenomeno nell’induzione elettromagnetica è estremamente complessa e raffinata e ben descritta dalle equazioni di Maxwell.
In via estremamente semplificativa si può osservare quanto segue: qualsiasi conduttore elettrico che sia percorso da una corrente elettrica alternata, genera intorno a sé un campo elettromagnetico che oscilla alla stessa frequenza della corrente alternata che lo genera; tale conduttore assume il ruolo di “induttore elettromagnetico”.
Se un secondo materiale conduttore elettrico anche lui si trovasse nelle vicinanze del primo conduttore di cui sopra subirebbe su di sé gli effetti indotti dal campo elettromagnetico generato dal primo conduttore
In particolare, tra i vari fenomeni, nel secondo conduttore si instaurerà una corrente di elettroni indotta dal campo generato dal primo conduttore (corrente indotta, detta anche corrente parassita o corrente di Eddy); tale secondo conduttore elettrico assume il ruolo di “Indotto elettromagnetico”
Questa corrente indotta si muoverà all’interno del secondo conduttore (l’indotto) e per effetto Joule verrà “convertita” in calore.
In questo modo, facendo scorrere una corrente elettrica in un condotto si può indurre calore in un secondo conduttore posto ad esso vicino.
Physical principles 
Induction hob and pot
Se il secondo conduttore, l’indotto, fosse ad esempio una massa scambiante calore, come ad esempio il fondo di una pentola ad induzione, si osserverebbe che il calore verrebbe generato direttamente su di esso invece di essergli trasmesso ad esempio da una resistenza accoppiata ad esso, con tutti i vantaggi di tale “filiera corta ed efficace”.
Naturalmente esistono una moltitudine di regole estremamente complesse affinché tale fenomeno in primo luogo avvenga realmente ed in secondo luogo si realizzi in modo conveniente ed utile.
Vantaggi
- Generazione di calore su ampia superficie invece che solo mera conduzione su scambiatore
- Velocità
- Controllabilità
- Molte meno limitazioni nella scelta delle forme del generatore del calore
- Densità di potenza quasi arbitraria (quindi potenzialmente elevatissima)
- Wireless
- Sicurezza
Svantaggi
- Costo (più alto rispetto a semplici resistenze elettriche a causa della presenza di elettronica ad alta frequenza)
- Perdita di efficienza nella scheda elettronica
ATTUALE SVILUPPO COMMERCIALE
Si impiegano su scala globale ad oggi, solo metalli ferromagnetici e con campi di applicazione limitati (es. induzione delle cucine), metallurgia. Questo avviene a causa del fatto che i materiali ferromagnetici rispondono molto ben, con facilità ed elevata efficienza di conversione magneto-termica, al fenomeno dell’induzione elettromagnetica, mentre i metalli non ferromagnetici, come alluminio, rame, titanio, argento ed altri, rispondono poco, con grandi difficoltà e scarse efficienze a tali fenomeni per ragioni di fisica dei materiali.
Quindi è facile usare questo approccio se si deve scaldare o utilizzare il ferro, mentre è molto più difficile ed estremamente meno conveniente se si deve scaldare l’alluminio ad esempio.
Tuttavia l’alluminio è il materiale chiave di scelta in una infinità di processi e soluzioni tecnologiche richieste dal mercato ed in tale ottica abbiamo sviluppato soluzioni che permettono di superare completamente tali limitazioni, rendendo l’induzione elettromagnetica, con tutti i suoi vantaggi, molto conveniente da applicare anche sull’alluminio, sul rame ed altri materiali amagnetici/ non ferromangetici.
Key Concept
- L’induzione elettromagnetica è realizzata tramite una scheda elettronica, un induttore ed un indotto
- L’induzione elettromagnetica è veloce, controllabile, versatile, ma costosa e richiede profonde conoscenze specialistiche, ancora di più se si sceglie di operare con metalli sino ad oggi classicamente esclusi da tale applicazione
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